Which statement correctly describes lithification?

Which statement correctly describes lithification?

• A. Lithification
• B. Weathering
• C. Sedimentation
• D. Erosion

Answer: (A)

Lithification is the transformation of loose sediment into solid rock through compaction and cementation during burial. As sediments accumulate, the weight of overlying material squeezes grains closer together (compaction) and minerals precipitate from groundwater to bind the grains (cementation). This diagenetic step consolidates the sediment into rock and reduces porosity. Among the options, this is the description that matches what lithification does: turning loose sediment into rock. The other terms describe different processes in sedimentary rock formation—weathering breaks down rock, erosion transports material away, and sedimentation is the deposition of particles.

Lithification is the transformation of loose sediment into solid rock through compaction and cementation during burial. As sediments accumulate, the weight of overlying material squeezes grains closer together (compaction) and minerals precipitate from groundwater to bind the grains (cementation). This diagenetic step consolidates the sediment into rock and reduces porosity.

Among the options, this is the description that matches what lithification does: turning loose sediment into rock. The other terms describe different processes in sedimentary rock formation—weathering breaks down rock, erosion transports material away, and sedimentation is the deposition of particles.